MEET THE GREAT MINDS

Nobel Laureates

The scientists whose discoveries changed how humanity understands nature—and earned the world’s most celebrated scientific honour.

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1901–Today A century of discovery

Science Biography collection

DISCOVER

Editor’s Pick 12 MIN

PHYSICS CHEMISTRY 1903 & 1911

Marie Curie

The scientist who changed physics—and became the first person to win two Nobel Prizes.

From an improvised laboratory in Paris to discoveries that transformed modern medicine, Marie Curie’s life was a story of scientific courage, personal sacrifice and relentless curiosity.

2 Nobel Prizes

2 Scientific Fields

1903 First Nobel

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1921 Watch Documentary 14 MIN

Albert Einstein

The idea that transformed our understanding of light.

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1922 Watch Documentary 13 MIN

Niels Bohr

The physicist who forced the atom to reveal its secrets.

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1933 Watch Documentary 15 MIN

Erwin Schrödinger

The equation that changed physics—and the cat that made it famous.

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1965 Watch Documentary 16 MIN

Richard Feynman

The rebel physicist who redrew the quantum world.

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1965 Watch Documentary 14 MIN

Julian Schwinger

The silent genius who built quantum electrodynamics.

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1983 Watch Documentary 15 MIN

Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar

The young scientist who predicted how stars die.

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NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY

The discoveries that changed
matter—and modern life.

1911 Watch Documentary 14 MIN

Marie Curie

The woman who discovered two elements—and won two Nobel Prizes.

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1954 Watch Documentary 15 MIN

Linus Pauling

The chemist who explained the bond holding matter together.

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1964 Watch Documentary 13 MIN

Dorothy Hodgkin

The scientist who made invisible molecules visible.

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1991 Watch Documentary 16 MIN

Richard Ernst

The discovery that made modern MRI possible.

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1999 Watch Documentary 14 MIN

Ahmed Zewail

The scientist who filmed chemistry in a millionth of a billionth of a second.

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2018 Watch Documentary 12 MIN

Frances Arnold

The engineer who taught evolution to work inside the laboratory.

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NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSIOLOGY OR MEDICINE

The discoveries that changed
human life itself.

1945 Watch Documentary 13 MIN

Alexander Fleming

The accidental discovery that changed medicine forever.

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James Watson and Francis Crick documentary thumbnail

1962 Watch Documentary 16 MIN

Watson, Crick & Wilkins

The race to uncover the double-helix structure of DNA.

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1983 Watch Documentary 14 MIN

Barbara McClintock

She discovered jumping genes decades before science believed her.

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1986 Watch Documentary 13 MIN

Rita Levi-Montalcini

The neurologist who continued her science in secret during war.

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2015 Watch Documentary 12 MIN

Tu Youyou

The ancient remedy that became a modern malaria breakthrough.

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2023 Watch Documentary 16 MIN

Katalin Karikó

The decades-long struggle behind the mRNA revolution.

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1976 Watch Documentary 14 MIN

Milton Friedman

The economist who reshaped the argument over markets and freedom.

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1994 Watch Documentary 16 MIN

John Nash

The beautiful idea that changed economics, strategy and conflict.

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1998 Watch Documentary 15 MIN

Amartya Sen

The economist who asked what prosperity is really for.

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2002 Watch Documentary 15 MIN

Daniel Kahneman

The psychologist who proved that humans are not rational machines.

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2009 Watch Documentary 13 MIN

Elinor Ostrom

The woman who overturned what economists believed about cooperation.

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2019 Watch Documentary 14 MIN

Esther Duflo

The economist who turned the fight against poverty into an experiment.

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MATHEMATICS Fields Medalists The young mathematicians whose ideas opened entirely new frontiers. LIFETIME ACHIEVEMENT Abel Prize Winners Lifetimes of mathematics that changed what humanity could understand. COMPUTING & AI Computing Pioneers The people who imagined, programmed and built the digital world. GLOBAL HONOURS Mathematics Laureates Winners of the world’s most important prizes across pure and applied mathematics. THE STORIES HISTORY NEARLY MISSED Geniuses Beyond the Prizes Meet the overlooked, excluded and under-recognised minds whose work mattered more than the honours they never received.

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One discovery can change
the course of humanity.

Behind every Nobel Prize is a story of curiosity, persistence and unexpected breakthroughs. Continue exploring the people whose discoveries transformed science, medicine and the modern world.

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Nobel Laureates

Begin with one extraordinary life.

The scientist who changed physics—and became the first person to win two Nobel Prizes.

Four prizes.
Countless breakthroughs.

The people who revealed
the laws of the universe.

The idea that transformed our understanding of light.

The physicist who forced the atom to reveal its secrets.

The equation that changed physics—and the cat that made it famous.

The rebel physicist who redrew the quantum world.

The silent genius who built quantum electrodynamics.

The young scientist who predicted how stars die.

The discoveries that changed
matter—and modern life.

The woman who discovered two elements—and won two Nobel Prizes.

The chemist who explained the bond holding matter together.

The scientist who made invisible molecules visible.

The discovery that made modern MRI possible.

The scientist who filmed chemistry in a millionth of a billionth of a second.

The engineer who taught evolution to work inside the laboratory.

The discoveries that changed
human life itself.

The accidental discovery that changed medicine forever.

The race to uncover the double-helix structure of DNA.

She discovered jumping genes decades before science believed her.

The neurologist who continued her science in secret during war.

The ancient remedy that became a modern malaria breakthrough.

The decades-long struggle behind the mRNA revolution.

The ideas that changed
how societies make decisions.

The economist who reshaped the argument over markets and freedom.

The beautiful idea that changed economics, strategy and conflict.

The economist who asked what prosperity is really for.

The psychologist who proved that humans are not rational machines.

The woman who overturned what economists believed about cooperation.

The economist who turned the fight against poverty into an experiment.

The Nobel Prize is only
one way history remembers genius.

One discovery can change
the course of humanity.

Nobel Laureates

The scientist who changed physics—and became the first person to win two Nobel Prizes.

The idea that transformed our understanding of light.

The physicist who forced the atom to reveal its secrets.

The equation that changed physics—and the cat that made it famous.

The rebel physicist who redrew the quantum world.

The silent genius who built quantum electrodynamics.

The young scientist who predicted how stars die.

The woman who discovered two elements—and won two Nobel Prizes.

The chemist who explained the bond holding matter together.

The scientist who made invisible molecules visible.

The discovery that made modern MRI possible.

The scientist who filmed chemistry in a millionth of a billionth of a second.

The engineer who taught evolution to work inside the laboratory.

The accidental discovery that changed medicine forever.

The race to uncover the double-helix structure of DNA.

She discovered jumping genes decades before science believed her.

The neurologist who continued her science in secret during war.

The ancient remedy that became a modern malaria breakthrough.

The decades-long struggle behind the mRNA revolution.

The economist who reshaped the argument over markets and freedom.

The beautiful idea that changed economics, strategy and conflict.

The economist who asked what prosperity is really for.

The psychologist who proved that humans are not rational machines.

The woman who overturned what economists believed about cooperation.

The economist who turned the fight against poverty into an experiment.

One discovery can change the course of humanity.

One discovery can change
the course of humanity.